Leadership Is Needed For Fix This Fracture Immigration System

Leadership is needed to fix this fracture Immigration System Immigration reform is a daily topic address in the American media, this issue is heavily debated. The 2016 Presidential candidates most address this issue and offer solid support of the Dream Act or clearly written counter plan to solve this issue. These candidates can not me passive they most take a stand somewhere. This is complex issue at effects everyone in America in many different ways. These candidates most address what to do with 11million illegal immigrates that are currently living in the U.S, how to continue to improve the borders, how to streamline the visa and green card process, how to incorporate more immigrates into U.S to solve the future labor demands to†¦show more content†¦To shortly overview DHS mission statement the vision of homeland security is to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards. Three key concepts form the foundation of our national homeland security strategy designed to achieve this vision: Security, Resilience, and Customs and Exchange (Department of Homeland security).The Department of State mission is: The U.S. Department of State is the lead institution for the conduct of American diplomacy and the Secretary of State is the President’s principal foreign policy advisor (State Department). Neither of this agency primary focus is on immigration. Back in 1990, U.S Commission on immigration reform issued an executive summary in 1994 pointing mayor flaws in current policy and need for change. One key point is there is a lack clear information and leadership (U.S Commission on Immigration Reform). Immigration policy center pointed one similar issues in their report (Immigration Policy Center). Moving forward I proposed a new alignment of these government agency that is enterprising and address all of the immigration cycle and lifestyle. That report to the president as a cabinet member this proposed cabine t member encompass all the existing federal agency that pertain to immigration plus a spokesperson that is from the department of Education, Labor, Homeland(only terrorism updates), Treasury,

The Stages Of Maturing And Adulthood - 988 Words

As a person lives life, they grow. In this particular development, they start to understand and see the world in a different way. These stages of maturing in life can be simply broken up into two groups; adulthood and childhood. Children tend to worry mostly about themselves, but they, in time, learn how to consider others feelings and views when performing an action. Typically, adults are almost completely controlled by thoughts and feelings of the world around them. The stages a person goes through during this growing up time are necessary for a person to mature correctly. As Sally states, a child is an apprentice to freedom, that is, the child is guided through the development of his or her freedom until he or she is ready to assume it in adolescence and adulthood (Scholz 395) Most children think it would be better to skip childhood and go straight to adulthood, but what they don t know is, that it s important for them to be a child before they become an adult. It s funny because the way a person lives in these changes of life are completely different, but can strangely be very similar. These differences and similarities can be seen in an individual s innocence, their experience, and their imagination. Most people love children because they posses something most adults have lost, the quality of innocence. If a child s innocence gets taken away from them at a young age, they re forced to become an adult when they just aren t ready. Because they aren t ableShow MoreRelatedLewis Carroll s Wonderland : A Magical Underworld Named Wonderland871 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung girl named Alice who adventures through a magical underworld named Wonderland. This young girl s adventures in Wonderland can be seen as a metaphor for the experience of growing up, both in terms of physically growing up and physiologically maturing as she gets to understand the adult world through her autonomy and experiences. She physically grows and shrinks again and again in the story up to a total of 12 times. Her constant physical change as she attempts to find the ideal size, evokes howRead More The Developing Adolescent Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopmental stages that apply from infancy to retirement. E rikson spent a great deal of time on the fifth stage of adolescence because this is the time when the individual develops an identity and it is a time when the individual faces difficult identity crises. Erikson explained each stage in life is both psycho and social. The psycho part has to do with this stages foundation previous stages and the fact that it is both a self-conscious phase and an unconscious phase. This stage of developmentRead MoreHow Alcohol Plays A Role Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesHow Alcohol Plays a Role in Maturing In the United States, before you can legally drink alcohol, you must be 21. However, much of society begins drinking in the early adolescent years and openly disobey that rule. College is known for drinking and partying because of its ability to give its students a taste of freedom away from their parents. While at college, students live in dorms away from adult supervision and so they begin to act out in ways that they normally would not if they were at homeRead MoreAdolescence Is A Life Changing Event For Males And Females992 Words   |  4 PagesPuberty in essence is a life changing event for males and females, typically following a time of significant physical growth. Puberty is the stage in life when secondary sex characteristics are developing, sexual organs mature due to production of sex hormones. This naturally occurs during adolescence, the stage in life between childhood and adulthood. Nonetheless, Feldman (2014) points out the fact that physical changes begin earlier fo r girls typically at the age of 10, with sexual organ developmentRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Holdens Faliure in the Journey of Life1597 Words   |  7 Pageshardships that teenagers endure as they mature and enter adulthood. In this novel, Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year -old who has been kicked out of several schools, undergoes a gamut of problems. First, at the beginning of the novel, it is clear that Holden has a difficulty accepting himself and others; he constantly defines people as phony. Secondly, as the novel progresses it becomes evident that Holden does not want to enter adulthood. Both problems lead to Holdens failure in his journey ofRead MoreThe Transitions Of Childhood And Becoming An Adult1637 Words   |  7 Pagestransitions in more detail and will explain why having good knowledge and understanding of these transitions that young people go through, is important to youth workers. Some of the things young people face can be very challenging for them during this stage of development. There are several things which can influence the young person’s experience of adolescence developments, such as puberty, society, economic background and unemployment. Many young people will get through the adolescence period withoutRead MoreAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence: Everything Changes Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. Dramatic changes take place during adolescence; no other time period of a person’s life except infancy contains so much development into such a short time span. Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreErik Erikson963 Words   |  4 PagesErikson’s Stages of Personal and Social Development. As people grow, they face a string of psychosocial crises that shape personality, according to Erik Erikson. Each crisis focuses on a particular aspect of personality and involves the person’s relationship with other people. STAGE I: TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST ( BIRTH TO 18 MONTHS) The goal of in-fancy is to develop a basic trust in the world. Erikson ( 1968, p. 96) defined basic trust as â€Å" an essential trustfulness of others as well as a fundamentalRead MoreHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHolden’s teenage experience in many different nations and cultures. As J.D. Salinger takes the reader through Holden’s journey, it becomes obvious that Holden is struggling to deal with the death of his brother, Allie, and the process of maturing into adulthood. Holden experiences many common teenage feelings. Throughout the novel, three strong themes are reinforced throughout the main character’s story. Holden Caulfield represents alienation, the pain of growing up, and rebellion against societyRead MoreHas Anyone Put Any Psychological Thought Into How They1483 Words   |  6 Pagesabout identity development because he exp lains his theory with more stages than Piaget, appropriate age periods, and focuses on the social environment rather than cognition. Erik Erikson is the more prominent psychologist in terms of identity development because of his social cultural perspective. Erikson’s psychosocial theory has eight stages; each consists of an individual confronting a crisis that needs to be resolved. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust; it occurs in the first year of the baby’s

Health and Diet in Society for Food Literacy - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth and Diet in Society for Food Literacy. Answer: Discourses and implications surrounding the declining food literacy One of the most important determinants of good health in the modern society both nationally and internationally is food literacy. Food literacy represents an individual's attitude, knowledge, and food skills associated with nutrition. This is because all these do impact greatly on the foods that they choose to eat. Health outcomes can be impacted in many ways by the different levels of food literacy. Food literacy is defined as an establishment of attributes and skills that assist individuals to maintain to withstand their daily preparation of healthy, delicious and reasonably priced meals for themselves and their families as well (Benn, 2014). Besides the industry and the government, households also have a major role to play in guaranteeing that they consume a safe, healthy and nutritious food. Having property food-related knowledge by the households will also influence the industry and the government ability to make decisions on the production of food, its consumption and how it ca n be regulated. Better food knowledge and how the knowledge is put into practice will influence how key food strategy objectives will be achieved. There has always been a strong correlation between the healthy eating and dietary quality and the knowledge on nutrition. Several studies that have been carried out by different groups have always proven the same. Several efforts by industries, public awareness and educational campaigns aimed at improving food healthiness and nutrition have been the main components of previous initiatives of public health (Brooks Begley, 2014). Some of these initiatives have proved to be successful though there still is a long way to go in ensuring that all individuals are made aware of the importance of food literacy. Food consumption habits of most adolescents and children have never been pleasing at all. Majority lack the nutritional knowledge that may make them pick on healthier foods. Children and even adolescents decide on what food to consume in accordance to which one tastes sweeter. Because of this, they end up consuming unbalanced diet meals over and over. Daily consumption of unbalanced m eals may result to unhealthy lifestyles leading lifestyle diseases such as obesity, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke etc. most parents have also played a major role for the declining food literacy. Parents should be the role models to their children and give directions on what they should do in order to achieve healthy living. The parents never consider involving the family in food preparation, therefore, reduces the food preparation skills and knowledge among the younger household members (Pendergast Dewhurst, 2012). Health outcomes have always been a subset of health literacy and thus food literacy influences these outcomes in many ways. Whenever better knowledge and behaviours towards storage of food and handling are well observed, then food literacy will greatly impact on the safety of food consumed by us. Many households do not employ food labelling information and knowledge which should help improve their diets (Cullen et al, 2015). Due to this, many individuals from several households are victims of poor diets and therefore increased risks to their health. Poor cooking skills by many households have also contributed to poor diets and poor health outcomes, therefore a lot of effort should be put on improving the cooking skills in order to ensure that a healthier diet is achieved for all households. Food illiteracy can result in little dietary knowledge which is a big determinant of food and meal choices. The little dietary knowledge has always resulted in poor decision making on the type of foods to consume resulting in poor health. Improving food literacy will, therefore, help reduce these challenges to diet and proper health. Many Australian citizens seem to have a perfect general understanding of food, nutrition and health yet they lack a proper understanding of the facts and details of how they are related. Several surveys have shown that household knowledge on nutrition specifically is weak in many areas. Several publications which aim at assisting these households to achieve better eating habits have since been published. Most of these publications aim at recommending improved vegetable and fruit consumption and how they can be strictly adhered to (Vaitkeviciute et al, 2015). Despite environmental effects not being a top priority for households in relation to food issues, the decisions by households are driving forward the agendas of the authentic, local and organic movements of food and also sustainability efforts of the environment, which may include declines in the packaging of food and use of chemicals in farming practices. The little information available on labels of food products, most specifically on environmental and health factors such as antibiotics, pesticides, and growth hormones, does not promote food literacy and environmental outcomes. More of this information should be readily available and precise on the product labels. Availing such information to households and also informing them of the importance will lead to maintenance of a better environmental that favours good health for all (Pendergast et al, 2011). Reduced food literacy has in most cases led to increased expenditures in many households. Many households lack the skills in managing food wastage. In addition to that, a relatively low number of individuals have and adhere to a household budget which ought to support in improving their planning and purchasing practices. Improved food literacy will, therefore, focus on enabling better budgeting ideas and planning which will thus reduce the chances of wastages and increased expenditures. Proper food management yields improved health to all individuals. With better budgeting, households are also able to put into considerations the best diets to feed on each and every day (Thomas et al, 2011). Making decisions and prioritizing on food-related issues greatly relies on food literacy. Besides that, it also relies on the quality of food, nutritional value, safety, claims, price and source. From a recent survey within the country, it was realized that majority of the households consider quality as the top priority when making a decision on what food to purchase. Food safety, nutritional value and price followed in order of importance (Velardo, 2015). Preparation of food in most countries tends to be reliant on gender with women being the main cooks in most of the households. This, with no doubt, makes women have the most of the self confidence when it comes to cooking as well as food preparation skills than the men. As a result of this, mothers are therefore the most important educators of cooking and food preparation skills. They should play this role dutifully to ensure that the good food they are known to be good at preparing helps their household members in achieving good health. This should be done regardless of the socio-economic status (Vidgen Gallegos, 2011). Conclusion Increasing food literacy in the country will support better selections in nutrition and diet, attitudes and food skills. This will result in improved health, safety and nutritional outcomes. Education and information are vital and must be accessed using strategies that encourage lasting changes in behaviour. Education based on nutrition, especially for children is important since it will positively influence their knowledge and skills on food-related issues, health status, eating and physical activity behaviours. Besides better nutrition and diet, food literacy will also impact positively on the environmental sustainability. A lot of effort should be applied at the territorial, federal and community levels in order to improve more healthy and eating patterns. All individuals have a bigger role to play to ensure that increased food literacy is achieved (Vidgen Gallegos, 2014). References Benn, J. (2014). Food, nutrition or cooking literacy-a review of concepts and competencies regarding food education. International Journal of Home Economics, 7(1), 13. Brooks, N., Begley, A. (2014). Adolescent food literacy programmes: A review of the literature. Nutrition Dietetics, 71(3), 158-171. Cullen, T., Hatch, J., Martin, W., Higgins, J. W., Sheppard, R. (2015). Food literacy: definition and framework for action. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 76(3), 140-145. Pendergast, D., Dewhurst, Y. (2012). Home economics and food literacy: An international investigation. International Journal of Home Economics, 5(2), 245. Pendergast, D., Garvis, S., Kanasa, H. (2011). Insight from the public on home economics and formal food literacy. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 39(4), 415-430. Thomas, H. M., Irwin, J. D. (2011). Cook It Up! A community-based cooking program for at-risk youth: overview of a food literacy intervention. BMC research notes, 4(1), 495. Vaitkeviciute, R., Ball, L. E., Harris, N. (2015). The relationship between food literacy and dietary intake in adolescents: a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 18(4), 649-658. Velardo, S. (2015). The nuances of health literacy, nutrition literacy, and food literacy. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 47(4), 385-389. Vidgen, H. A., Gallegos, D. (2011). What is food literacy and does it influence what we eat: a study of Australian food experts. Vidgen, H. A., Gallegos, D. (2014). Defining food literacy and its components. Appetite, 76, 50-59.

European Court of Justice

Question: Describe about a Report on European Court of Justice ? Answer: 1. The names of the judges were Thorpe, Mance LJJ and Neuberger J. 2. The claimant in this case was ... Medivance Instruments Ltd. On the other hand, the names of the respondents in this case were Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd and Vulcana Gas Appliances Ltd. 3. According to section 14, terms can be implied in the contract related with quality and title and it needs to be noted that these terms are relevant only when the seller is acting in the course of business. At the same time, this section does not prescribe any requirements related with the status of the buyer. There is a difference present between the test of merchantable quality as prescribed by section 14(2) and the test of fitness that has been prescribed by section 14(3). Therefore, section 14(2) requires that the goods sold by the seller should be of merchantable quality which means that the goods should be satisfactory. In this regard, the Sale of Goods Act has provided an objective test under section 14(2) for the purpose of deciding satisfactory quality. In this case the standard of a reasonable person has to be used regarding the goods being satisfactory, keeping in mind the price, description and any other fact that may be relevant for this purpose. There are certain fact ors that have been identified by the courts that can increase or decrease the expectation of satisfaction. For example, in Bernstein v. Pamson Motors Ltd, the court stated that in case of secondhand goods, the expectation regarding satisfaction can be lower. However when it comes to the goods of a very well-known brand, the expectation regarding satisfaction can be quite higher. Some of the other factors that are being considered as being relevant for the purpose of this test may include advertising. On the other hand, in case of section 14(3) the test of witness for purpose has been used. In this case, if the buyer has informed the seller regarding the purpose behind the purchase of the goods expressly or impliedly, an obligation is imposed on the seller to ensure that the goods that are being sold to the buyer are fit for the purpose disclosed by the buyer. In this case, it needs to be seen if under the circumstances, it will be reasonable for the buyer to rely on the expertise of the seller in this regard. This issue has been discussed in detail by the court in Godley v Perry which provides an example of the application of this test. In this way, there is a significant difference present between the test of merchantable quality as prescribed by section 14(2) and the test related with fitness for purpose that has to be used in case of section 14(3). In this way, the tests related with merchantable quality is comparatively general because in this case, merchantability needs to be evaluated, keeping into the type of the goods and also the likely use of the goods. On the other hand, the test related with fitness for purpose deals with the specific purpose for which the goods have been acquired by the purchaser. 4. It was alleged by the claimant that Valcuna was required to supply a device that should be of merchantable quality and at the same time it should also be fit for purpose as prescribed by s14, Sale of Goods Act. However the court of appeal did not consider that the provisions of section 14 were applicable to Vulcana. The reasons that were given by the court in this regard included the warning mentioned on the heater due to which the installers of the heater can be reasonably expected to take reasonable precautions against such known risk. As a result, the court concluded that the respondent had properly warned against the risk and it was also well known to the appellant. Although, it was acknowledged by the court that it depends on the circumstances of each case if such bonding can be considered as being sufficient for discharging the duty that has been prescribed for the seller but in the present case, it was stated that under the circumstances, it can be said that the duties prescribed by section 14 have been discharged by the respondents than they gave the warning. In the same way, regarding the applicability of the provisions of section 14(3), the court stated that in any case the heater can be considered as being fit for purpose for which it has been supplied. In this regard, the court also consider the fact that the buyer had specifically asked the seller to purchase that particular heater and it also noted the fact that the buyer had been using the heaters of the same type for nearly 8 years in their factory. As a result, it can be said that accident was also aware of the risk. Another reason given by the court in favor of its conclusion that section 14 was not applicable to Vulcana was that the trial Judge also used expert evidence who stated that the heater supplied to the appellant was not only of merchantable quality but it was also fit for the purpose. In this regard, the court also consider the fact that heater complied with the British standards. 5. Neuberger J stated in this regard that the provisions prescribed by s14, Sale of Goods Act can be considered as being applicable between the appellant and Gaslane due to the reason that the contract was present between them and according to this contract, "the buyer" was the appellant and the seller was Gaslane and the heater had been supplied by the seller to the buyer under this contract. But it needs to be included in this regard that no contract is present between appellant and Vulcana and as a result, there is no relationship of buyer and seller. Under these circumstances, any liability that Vulcana may have towards the appellant will be present under tort and not under the law of contract. As a result, the basis for the claim of the appellant against Vulcana is very different juridically as compared to the claim of the appellant against Gaslane. But on the basis of the facts of this case, it has been contended by appellant that Vulcana had obligations towards the appellant u nder tort which included the duties that were same as the contractual duties of Gaslane as prescribed by the provisions of s14, Sale of Goods Act. In this regard, it has been claimed by the appellant that in case the heater can be considered as not being fit for the purpose it was supplied or if it can be considered as being not of merchantable quality, as the manufacturer and supplier of the heater, Vulcana can be considered as being negligent. However the appellant had presented its case against the respondents in several other ways, apart from those prescribed by section 14(2) and 14(3). But at the same time, the court also acknowledged that if the claims made by the appellant on the ground that the heater supplied with was not of merchantable quality audit was not fit for purpose fail, the other claims made by the appellant against the respondents cannot succeed. As a result, the Court decided to limit the consideration of the appeal only to the claims under section 14 that have been made by the appellant against Gaslene and in case of Vulcana, the court decided to limit its consideration to their equivalent under tort. 6. The appellant stated that the heater was not of merchantable quality or fit for purpose as it would have been safer if the heater would have been provided with a guard or a thermostat. However, this contention of the appellant was rejected by the court that only on this ground it cannot be said that the heater was not fit for purpose or it was not of merchantable quality. In this regard, the court stated that the requirements prescribed by s14, Sale of Goods Act do not require that such a high standard should be imposed. At the same time, doing so will result in the imposition of a very high burden on the suppliers and as a result, it may also cause interference in the normal trade and commerce. The court further stated that the claim of the appellant regarding the heater not being fit for purpose of merchantable quality needs to be rejected on the grounds that the tests related with fitness for purpose or merchantable quality is not satisfied in all cases by referring to the test of reasonablene necessity. In this regard, the court also referred to the judgment given in Rogers v Parish by Mustill LJ 7. The court stated that if a claim that has been initiated in the s14, Sale of Goods Act is successful each time when the claimant is successful in establishing that the good supplied by the seller would have been safer, more fit for the purpose or more merchantable, there will be an intolerable burden placed on the supply of goods and in this way, it will also result in a very serious interference by the courts with normal trade and commerce. 8. The court did not consider that any other heaters needed to be supplied to the appellant. The reason behind this belief of the court was that although some convection heaters were present in the market which had a device that had been described by the terms on which the appellant had relied upon, the court also noted that there were also available many other convection heaters in the market which did not have such a device as was the case with the heater supplied to the appellant. At the same time, the court also stated that there was no evidence presented to suggest that the heaters that included such a device were more reliable on effective in preventing accidents. 9. Neuberger J relied on this case because it was mentioned by Court of Appeal that indeed it is the duty of the manufacturer to terminate the supply of the product if the manufacturer comes to know that the product is unsafe. However, there can be certain circumstances where this duty of the manufacturer can be fulfilled by taking less drastic action. For example, this unity can also be fulfilled by giving proper warning regarding the relevant facts to the buyers of such a product that are known or suspected to result in a real or any potential risk. 10. Mr. Brown stated that it will be dangerous to allow the manufacturers or the sellers of the goods to avoid their liability if they gave a warning regarding the risk to the buyers because in such a case, the sellers will be defining the scope of their contractual duty regardless of the circumstances. 11. The facts of Holmes v Ashford was somewhat similar to this case. The court held that the manufacture of hair dye was not responsible because the client of a hairdresser had contracted dermatitis after being treated with that hair dye. The reason given by the court was that there was a clear warning given with the hair dye regarding the possibility of such a risk and also a recommendation that the effects of the dye should be tested first. This decision has been based on the judgment of the Court given in Hodge Sons -v- Anglo-American Oil Co. where it was stated that the required proportions can be fulfilled if the barge had been given to a competent person along with a reasonable warning regarding the dangerous character of the barge, if such danger is not obvious. Due to these reasons, Neuberger J refers to these two judgments. 12. The court stated that the fact that the heater complied with British Standard was a material fact. This fact was mainly relevant when it comes to the test of merchantable quality. Apart from it, the court also considered as a material fact that a warning was present in the instructions in which it has been clearly mentioned that the front part of the heater should not be obstructed as there was a risk of causing fire. On the other hand, the fact that the respondents had been told by the appellant that the heater is going to be used in baking area and also the fact that heaters were available in the market with thermostat devices were not considered as material facts while deciding the case. In the same way, it was not considered as material that it has been mentioned in the brochure of Vulcana that the heater has an overheat switch. 13. The ratio decidendi included the statement that the heater was of merchantable quality and was also fit for the purpose. This statement was made by the court in view of the four factors that have been identified by the trial court. On the other hand, the statement that it will be unsuitable for the court to enforce an obligation on the seller, through tort or by an implied term, that imposes a higher duty as compared to the duty that has been imposed on the parties by the terms of the contract or by statute is not the ratio decidendi of this case. In the same way, the statement that the commercial purchaser having earlier knowledge of buying same product and also being aware of the risks involved in using such a product, then it can be considered that the goods are fit for the purpose as provided by section 14, was also not the ratio decidendi of this case. In this way, the ratio decidendi of the court can be described as the warning given by the respondents which was considered by the court as an important factor that goes in the favor of respondents. It was noted by the court that while installing the heater, it can be reasonably expected that the ordinary precautions will be taken by the installers to protect against the risks that are known. At the same time, the court also found that the respondent has given a warning regarding the presence of such a risk and in any case, the appellant was well known to the presence of such a risk. 14. On the basis of the decision given by the court in Medivance Instruments Ltd v Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd, it can be said that in the present case, JTL had given sufficient warning regarding the presence of a risk of causing fire if anything is placed within a meter radius of the heater. While it is true that in this case, Mr. Matthews had no experience in purchasing the heaters and as a result, he had relied on the advice given by JTL but at the same time, it also needs to be noted that in this case, sufficient warning has been given by JTL that if anything is placed near the heater, there are chances that it may result in a fire. Moreover, Mr. Matthews and also signed a document in which it has been mentioned that he clearly understood the risk. Another very significant factor in this regard is that the heater conforms to the British Safety Standards. On the other hand, Mr. Matthew had claimed that the heater installed by JTL was not of merchantable quality because it did no t have a thermostat or a safety guard. Moreover, Mr. Matthew had shown the representatives of JTL that the heater is going to be installed in the stock room where hundreds of cardboard boxes were present. After visiting the stock room, the representatives recommended the standard heater for Mr. Matthews which did not have a thermostat or a safety guard. However only due to this fact, it cannot be said that it was not of merchantable quality, particularly in view of the fact that the heater fulfills the British safety standards. Similarly in view of the decision given in Medivance Instruments Ltd v Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd, it also needs to be noted that sufficient warning has been given by JTL to Mr. Matthews that a fire may be caused if anything is placed near the heater. In this way, JTL can successfully avoid the claim of Mr. Matthews regarding merchantable quality of the heater. 1. The short title of the statute is Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 2. The long title of the Act is Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 3. The Act came into force on 16 July, 1992. 4. The Act provides that that it can be presumed that the section 137(5) that a person has been refused employment if the person from whom such person seeks employment has refused to entertain or due process the inquiry or application or if makes that person to withdraw or not to follow his inquiry on application or if such person has deliberately omitted or refused to give employment of that description to such a person. In the same way, a similar presumption can also be made under section 137(5)(d) of the Act if the employer offers the employment to the applicant but on such terms that will not be offered by any reasonable employer who wants to appoint an employee for the post and which are not accepted. In the same way, a presumption can also be made if an offer has been made regarding such employment but later on the offer is withdrawn or if the applicant is made to refuse the offer. 5. The meaning of the advertisement will be decided by the court under section 137(3) of the Act by considering that the employment offered in the advertisement is available only to the persons who are the members of trade union or not the member of trade union or if the condition prescribed by subsection (1)(b) of s137 will be enforced regarding the employment that has been offered in the advertisement and the person who does not fulfills the condition or if such person is not willing to accept the requirement mentioned in the advertisement and has been refused employment, shall be determined by the court that such person has been refused employment on account of such reason. 6. In the present case, the provisions of Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, 1992 have been contravened because it has been clearly provided by this legislation that will be unlawful to refuse an applicant employment only due to the reason that such person is a member of one is not a member of a trade union. In the present case, Sophie had not been called for an interview as she has not joined Teach Excel Union. 7. Section 137(1)(b) clearly provides the kids will be unlawful if a person has been refused employment due to the reason that such person does not want to accept a requirement according to which a person has to take steps to become or cease to become a member of a trade union. It also applies to a requirement according to which a person has to remain a member of a trade union or is required not to become a member of the trade union. At the same time, clause 5 (d) of section 137 also provides that it will be considered that a person has been refused employment in case the person has been offered the employment on such terms that would not have been offered by any other reasonable employer who wants to fill the post. In this way, it is clear that in the present case Marlon had been refused employment in contravention of the provisions of Act and therefore, Marlon can make a complaint to the employment tribunal and seek compensation. 8. Section 188 of the Act provides for the duty of the employers to consult when the employer is suggesting dismissing 20 or more employees as redundant within 90 days or less. In this regard, the Act provides that the consultations should start within good time but it has been specifically provided that in case a proposal has been made by the employer to dismiss 100 or more employees of the organization, the conservation has to start at least 90 days before the notice of dismissal is going to expire. After the decision given by the European Court in Junk v Kehnel, it is now clear that the employers are required to complete the statutory process of consultation before any dismissal notice has been issued by them. At the same time, it is also the duty of IT World to consult with the appropriate representatives of the employees regarding the dismissals, who were going to be affected by the dismissals proposed by the employer. In this way, the duty to consult prescribed by section 188 for the employers has been breached by IT World in the present case. 9. It has been clearly mentioned the section 188(1) of this legislation that in case any employee is going to dismiss 20 or more employees as redundant, such an employer is required start consultations regarding these dismissals with all the persons who can be considered as the appropriate representatives of the affected employees. Therefore, according to the literal rule of statutory interpretation, a catering company is required to initiate the process of consultation as prescribed by section 188(1). 10. Section 170 of this legislation provides for the time of that can be taken by the employees for engaging in trade union activities. In this regard, section 170(1) provides that the employers are required to allow their employees who are the members of any trade union recognized by the employers to take time off during their working hours of the employee to take part in the activities of the union and also in any activities in which the employees are acting as the representatives of the Union. In this way, clear duty has been prescribed by section 170 for Marketing Solutions to allow time off to their employee Simon because he is the member of a trade union that is recognized by the company. In this way, Marketing Solutions has to allow time off the Simon during their working hours because he is going to represent his trade union at the conference of trade unions. In this regard, it has also been provided by 170(3) that the amount of time off that will be allowed to the employees and also the purpose for which such time off has been allowed needs to be reasonable. As in the present case, Simon has asked for a time off in order to represent his trade union at the conference of trade unions, it appears to be a reasonable cause therefore Marketing Solutions is required to allow time off to Simon so that he can represent his trade union at the conference. Bibliography Bernstein v. Pamson Motors Ltd [1987] 2 All ER 220 Godley v Perry [1960] 1 WLR 9 Hodge Sons -v- Anglo-American Oil Co. (1922) LC.L.Rep 183 Holmes -v- Ashford [1950] 2 All ER 76 Junk v Kuhnel, European Court of Justice January 2005 Medivance Instruments Ltd v Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd and another [2002] EWCA Civ 500 Rogers v Parish [1987] 1 QB 933 Sale of Goods Act, 1979 Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, 1992 Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, 1992 Wright v Dunlop (1973) 7 KIR 255 Medivance Instruments Ltd v Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd and another [2002] EWCA Civ 500 Section 14, Sale of Goods Act, 1979 Ibid 14(3) Sale of Goods Act, 1979 Bernstein v. Pamson Motors Ltd [1987] 2 All ER 220 Godley v Perry [1960] 1 WLR 9 Sale of Goods Act ibid Sale of Goods Act, 1979 Rogers -v- Parish [1987] 1 QB 933 Wright v Dunlop (1973) 7 KIR 255 Holmes -v- Ashford [1950] 2 All ER 76 Hodge Sons -v- Anglo-American Oil Co. (1922) LC.L.Rep 183 Medivance Instruments Ltd v Gaslane Pipework Services Ltd and another [2002] EWCA Civ 500 ibid Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 ibid ibid Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, 1992 Junk v Kuhnel, European Court of Justice January 2005 Trade Union and Labor Relations Act, 1992

Why is It Important to Delete Cyberbullying Research Paper Example

Why is It Important to Delete Cyberbullying? Paper Why is it important to delete cyber bullying? Cyber bullying according to Wisped Is defined as the use of Information Technology (Computers, cell phones, etc. ), to harm or harass other people In a deliberate, repeated, and hostile manner. Cyber bullying has been a very sensitive topic In recent years due to the pain and embarrassment It causes for the Individuals on the receiving end. I believe that in order to delete this behavior there has to be accountability to the person(s) doing it, tougher laws for someone who commits this CT, and prevention. There once was a time before computers that people were able to go anywhere and do anything and no one would bother them. As a teenager, you could go to school and even if you were bullied, you knew that when you went home, that you would be safe and no one could touch you there. In the technology drive society we live In today, that Is seldom the case. Even though no one Is physically coming Into your home they do by the way of social media. If someone Is using Information technology o deliberately harass or harm people then the authoresses should be made aware and take action. We will write a custom essay sample on Why is It Important to Delete Cyberbullying? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why is It Important to Delete Cyberbullying? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why is It Important to Delete Cyberbullying? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Everyone has a right to their own pollen, but not at the expense of hurting another person or group. Instead of saying kids will be kids , or sticks and stones If a parent finds out that their loved one is engaged in this activity, they should speak up and let their loved one know that these kinds of activities will not be tolerated. There should be laws in place so that someone who commits these acts ill know that its not okay to hurt someone in this manner, and that cyber bullying is serious and will not be taken lightly. The laws should be firm. Cyber bullying is not like telling a story or writing a book. Its not about free speech. Its about being fair to everyone. Individuals who commit these acts should receive fines, or maybe even some kind of detention or Jail time for these types of offenses depending on the severity. No one needs to be shamed or even losing their life to be the end of someones taunting or Joking. I think that prevention is the key. Training classes such as sensitivity, or anger management would be necessary to assist anyone to be more tolerant and open to other people and groups. If the person(s) engaged in this type of activity are at their home, then parents/guardians, or any family members that knows or suspects something is wrong, should acknowledge and talk to the family member that is involved. Talking about cyber bullying early and often so its not Just one of those things you see on the news that happens to other people. If you see something on social media posted by a friend or loved one on either side of the offense, telling someone Immediately. Be Involved In any capacity to what your family members and friends are doing, making sure that you actually pay attention to what Is being said and how Its being said Is paramount. Not saying anything after all Is not the answer, silence is acceptance, and I think that cyber bullying is unacceptable. We have been ourselves and our society to address the issues that affect not Just a few of us, but all of us. In order for all mankind to survive, we have to be kind to man.

101 Woman Hollering Creek and La Llorona Professor Ramos Blog

101 Woman Hollering Creek and La Llorona Female Mexican Stereotypes Quick Write A theme is a central idea in a piece of writing or other work of art. What theme or themes did you notice in Woman Hollering Creek? Female Mexican Stereotypes The Virgin La Malinche La Llorona La Llorona Prezi 2019 The Curse of La Llorona Analysis vs Summary Summary versus Analysis. What is the difference? What does it mean to analyze literature? Woman Hollering Creek What are some themes, recurring topics or ideas, that you have noticed? Lets come up with a list of characters. Arguable Thesis Start with what interests you, to develop a point of analysis. You can choose a character, theme, issue, context, patterns, metaphors, authors style or language, etc. What is standing out to you and then you can develop that into a thesis. You will be arguing that your analysis of the work is valid. Developing Strong Thesis Statements In Woman Hollering Creek, Sandra Cisneros is recasting traditional negative Mexican female archetypes in a positive light. Alternate Interpretation Student Video

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Death penalty - Essay Example penalty. Their contention is that justice, which is the basic tenet of the legal system, mandates that the punishment is appropriate to the seriousness of the crime. Here, the death penalty is the only punishment which is in proportion to the crime of depriving the victim of life. As murder violates the sanctity of life, justice is served only by the award of the death penalty. 1 Deterrence is another argument advanced by advocates of the death penalty. While the deterrent effect may not operate in sudden crimes of passion, â€Å"There are carefully calculated murders, such as murder for hire, where the possible penalty of death may well enter the cold calculus that precedes the decision to act.†2 The fear of the finality of death is definitely more of a deterrent than any alternative, such as life imprisonment. Even when the deterrent effects of the death penalty cannot be conclusively proved, its’ adherents assert that, if deterrence holds good, the innocent lives of future victims have been saved and if deterrence fails, the only consequence is the execution of a convicted murderer. Abolitionists hold the arbitrariness of the death penalty to be a major reason for it to be repudiated. This includes disparities in (1) region – the execution of the death penalty is concentrated in the Southern states; (2) race – blacks receive the death penalty at a 38% higher rate than other defendants; (3) legal representation – indigent defendants are often assigned incompetent defense attorneys; (4) jury misperception and bias.3 The advent of modern DNA testing has led to several exonerations of Death Row inmates, calling the execution of the death penalty into question by its’ opponents. Erroneous convictions are attributed to pressure on police and prosecutors to solve homicides, often resulting from the politicization of a crime, lack of eyewitness testimony, heightened publicity, juror bias, limited resources of

Laboratory Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Laboratory - Lab Report Example In addition, The PACS system is equipped with a central core consisting of a 300-gigabyte central server; a set of 1.25-terabyte optical jukebox archive together with adjustable wavelet compression or PacsPro II that is an EMED Technologies, Lexington, MA; some workstations which are four-panel 2.5 2.0K monitors (average rate image display time is less than 2 sec/full-resolution computed radiography image. The Images in PACS system are routed to individual workstations based on the algorithm that applies a synthesis of patient location, image source, day of week, time of day, imaging type, and Common Procedure Terminology (CPT) code (Gale, Gale, Schwartz, Muse and Walker, 2000). Oracle is a new networking infrastructures and applications that provides highly available integrated and high level of performance software components that meets the demands of most industries. The Oracle empowers applications with very high throughput and instant responsiveness and performance-critical functions faster. The combination of programs are delivered on the data management requirements important to realize service agility like: Superior combination of batch performance and real-time for data located in call control as well as back office applications; Intelligent caching; Providing support geographically for "fail over" and load balancing; full adherence to standard interfaces; Easy manageability and low maintenance requirements; and non-stop operations capable of achieving carrier-grade availability (Oracle Corporation, 2007).All PACS products (The Royal College of Radiologists, 2002) consist of database that can store information of patients, at the same time, cataloguing their imaging studies. Several PACS installations integrate and use a single relational Oracle databases to data storage. The user then, interacts instantly with the Oracle

People v Ceballos Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People v Ceballos - Research Paper Example Thus, he set up a gun trap and unfortunately it killed a neighborhood kid who tried to gain entry. The defendant wanted to prove that the physical evidence he discovered about somebody breaking into his garage could be life threatening. Thus, in order to ward off probable mishaps on his part, it was his justification to protect himself beforehand by setting up a gun to substantially provide him a certain level of security. In the first place, it would be much harder on his part to defend himself, if things might be too late, and especially he did not have any idea on the whole motive or intention of the culprit. Describe how justification and excuse play a role in the case. As stated, the defendant used the defense of justification on the crime he committed against a neighborhood child. As the defendant wanted to justify that he did not commit any crime, but a self-defense instead, defense is very crucial in his case. In as much as possible, the defendant should give substantial or m eaningful justifications in order to maximize its defense. The defendant’s excuse is very important in this case. For example, its excuse could be the basis if it could be essentially covered under the ruling of the law regarding the defense of justification. ... In the case of People v Ceballos case, the defendant was not at home when the incident happened. Thus, under technical definition of the proper use of self-defense in the law, what the defendant initiated as a way to protect himself was unacceptable. He was not at home when the assault happened, and so there was no need to apply self-defense at some point. Tennessee v Garner Explain the nature and types of defenses used in the case and what evidence was used to demonstrate the defense. In the case of Tennessee v Garner, the police officers tried to defend themselves by telling the court they have substantial probable cause to believe that the suspect’s escape could further cause potential harm to others (Casebriefs LLC, 2012). They used the required standard operating procedure, prior to the use of force, a gun that ended up the life of a suspected felon as a final resort. The evidence presented by the officers could prove that they were summoned to arrest a suspected felon. T he man did not have any weapon so the police officers commanded him to stop. However, the culprit wanted to escape so the police officers pulled the trigger of the gun, and killed the suspected felon. This case was between the Tennessee police officers and the Garner, the late suspected felon’s family. Describe how justification and excuse play a role in the case. The Tennessee v Garner case is very important because the issue behind it includes whether law enforcement officials have the right to use deadly force in order to prevent unarmed culprit or suspect from escaping (Casebriefs LLC, 2012). Justification is indeed important in this issue in order to fit it within the rule of law: if suspect poses threat of serious

Matters Of Fact Relations Of Ideas Philosophy Essay

Matters Of Fact Relations Of Ideas Philosophy Essay Humes fork has two kinds of judgments. The one prong is known as matters of fact. Matters of fact are known to be true on the basis of experience. They are usually empirically verifiable and contingently true. That is, they vary based on the world. An example of a statement that Hume would classify as a matter of fact is The sun rose today or I exist. The other prong on Humes fork is called relations of ideas. Relations of ideas are known to be true independent of experience. They are self-evidently true. That is, if someone were to deny it as true, then they would be in contradiction. An example of this is All fathers are male. b. Define these 3 kinds of judgments identified by Kant, and give one example of each: a priori analytic, a posteriori synthetic, a priori synthetic. Believing that Humes fork was not fully correct, Kant came up with his three types of judgments. The first of which was the a priori analytic. A priori analytic statements are similar to Humes Relations of Ideas. That is, these statements allow one to gain knowledge without appealing to any particular experience as well as they are not expansive but explicative. In other words, they are self-evidently true and if one is to deny this, they would be in contradiction. An example of this would be A bachelor is an unmarried man. That is, the validity of this statement is tautological. A second type of Kantian judgment is known as a posteriori synthetic. A posteriori synthetic judgments are similar to Humes Matters of Fact. They are a posteriori because they are contingent facts that usually appeal to some particular experience to be known. They are synthetic as they are expansive, as they expand on the subject. An example of this kind of judgment would be Some triangles are isosceles or Ryan is wearing a red hat. Both of these require some experience that would allow for one to determine the truth value of the statements. Another way to think of examples of synthetic a posteriori statements is by thinking of possible worlds. That is, a statement that is synthetic a posteriori would be one that you can imagine a possible world with it without causing a contradiction. An example would be the sun is yellow. Obviously we can agree that in this possible world it is yellow, however, in another possible world, the sun could be bright purple and it would not cause a contr adiction. A third type of Kantian judgment, which Kant adds to correct Hume, is known as synthetic a priori. This doesnt relate to any of Humes fork. As previously mentioned, it says a synthetic statement as it is expansive and its a priori they can be known without experience. It seems difficult to understand, yet this is what Kant brings in order to allow for metaphysics and even pure mathematics. An example of a synthetic a priori statement would be Every event has a cause. This is a synthetic a priori as we know it is true without having to experience it, but it is synthetic as it is expansive and not explicative. c. Briefly, what kind of judgment does Hume take mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12, to be? What kind of judgment does Kant take mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12, to be? Hume and Kant have different views when it comes to mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12. Hume would say that the statement 7+5=12 is a relation of ideas as it is a mathematical claim. That is, he views that if you deny 7 add 5 as the same as 12, you would be in contradiction. That is, 7+5 is defined as being equivalent to 12. Kant would have a differing view when it comes to mathematical claims. Kant would say that 7+5=12 is a synthetic a priori statement. This is because Kant feels that 7+5 does not contain the concept of 12. That is, you can think of the prior without the second, which is what makes Kant feel it is synthetic, but as with most math principles, they are not seen in the world and are considered by Kant to be a part of the laws of nature. Therefore, Kant views them as a priori. d. What is Kants answer to the question: How is pure mathematics possible? Kants answer to the question how is pure mathematics possible is a very long one. In fact, it takes up a large section in his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. He does this by explaining his Copernican revolution of space and time. Kant feels that space and time serve as indispensable tools that help arrange and categorize the images of objects imported by our sensory organs. Anything we see or hear would be useless unless our minds have some space and time to make sense of it. Kant, unlike Hume, wants it to be possible for us to have knowledge outside of experience. He writes if intuition must conform to the constitution of the objects, I do not see how we could know anything of the latter a priori. (pg. 516) Yet, Kant feels that pure mathematics is only possible if we allow for a synthetic a priori statement to exist. (pg. 555) That is, a priori intuition would allow for the appearance of objects to be possible to us. Kant feels strongly that pure mathematics is only possible because we can have intuitions of space and time as phenomena. Phenomena are things as they appear to us given how our thought and sense perception work. However, it is important to note that Kant feels that pure mathematical propositions are not just creations of the imagination, but they do exist in space and time. (pg. 557-8) This is very important to Kant as it is one of his huge additions to Humes Fork which eliminated metaphysical claims and even math and science to an extent. 3. Knowledge of Nature a. Briefly, what does Kant mean by the term experience? Kant uses many terms that require special definitions. One such term is experience. Experience to Kant is the combination of an intuition with a concept in the form of judgment. In other words, it requires concepts that allow us to express a necessary and universal synthesis of intuitions. They describe the synthesis of intuitions in consciousness in general. b. Briefly, how do judgments of experience differ from judgments of perception? Judgments of perception are only subjectively valid. That is, they hold good only for us as individuals as they narrate how things appear to us as individuals. In other words, they describe the synthesis of intuitions in ones own consciousness. An example of a judgment of perception is The tower looks small to me or I feel the warm stone, then I see the sun shining on it. A judgment of experience is one that is about, or directed to objects of experience. An object of experience requires concepts that allow us to express necessary and universal synthesis of intuitions. In other words, it describes the synthesis of intuitions in consciousness. That is, they describe how we view the world is in general. An example of a judgment of experience would be nature is the existence of things so far as it is determined according to universal laws. It is a truth which is not subjectively qualified unlike a judgment of perception. c. Why does Kant think that we can know a priori that All events have a cause? Kant thinks that we can know a priori that all events have a cause. An a priori statement is one that is true in terms of its meaning alone. In other words, the statement all events have a cause is a fact upon which experience depends. Kant felt that the antithesis, no event has a cause would not produce a contradictory or meaningless statement, proving that it is synthetic. And the original statement, all events have a cause is a priori as Kant felt it can be known without the need of experience. Kant wrote that the principles of possible experience are then at the same time universal laws of nature, which can be known a priori. (pg. 565) In other words, Kant felt that all events have a cause would be considered a universal law of nature which are known a priori. d. Give an example of a metaphysical claim that Kant thinks we are NOT entitled to make. Why would he think we are not entitled to make that metaphysical claim? A metaphysical claim that Kant thinks we are not entitled to make would be the soul is immortal. He feels this is because metaphysical claims are illegitimate when they use a priori concepts beyond the bounds of any possible experience. Kant writes examples can only be borrowed from some possible experience, and consequently the objects of these concepts can be found nowhere but in a possible experience. In other words, Kant writes that you cannot make a claim such as the soul is immortal without relating it to some possible experience and thus taking away the a priori concept.

Hard Times and Wuthering Heights Essay -- Comparative, Dickens, Brontë

The nineteenth century saw rapid development and reform across the whole of the country; with the Industrial Revolution transforming life in Britain. For working class women life was an endless struggle of passivity and labour; as soon as they were old enough they worked on farms, in factories or as servants to the middle classes (Lambert, 2009). For women in general, life was oppressive; constantly overshadowed by the male gender who were considered dominant leaders. In a Victorian household, the male was head of the family; his wife and children respected him and obeyed him without question. This critical analysis of two nineteenth century novels - Hard Times by Charles Dickens and Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, will discuss the representation of the two female protagonists in the context of the Victorian period and question whether they do indeed portray an endless struggle for survival and independence. When considering representation, the ways in which the authors choose to portray their characters can have a great impact on their accessibility. A firm character basis is the foundation for any believable novel. It is arguable that for an allegorical novel - in which Hard Times takes its structure, Dickens uses an unusually complex character basis. The characters in Hard Times combine both the simplistic characteristics of a character developed for allegorical purposes, as well as the concise qualities of ‘real’ people (McLucas, 1995). These characters are portrayed to think and feel like we as readers do and react to their situations in the same way that most of us would. Such attributes are what give the characters life and allow us to relate to their decisions. In Hard Times Charles Dickens portrays Louisa Gradgrind... ...rd Times and Brontà « in Wuthering Heights represent their protagonists as struggling to overcome oppression in order to survive as independent females. The struggles faced by the females provide similarities as well as contrasts to their literary counterparts. On one hand you have Louisa, corrupted by her father and never allowed to imagine or be free; and on the other hand you have Catherine, corrupted by her own aspirations and social constraints. Although Catherine does - for a short period of time, achieve some independence, she is destined to retain her traditional role of passive and dependent female; thus inevitably losing in her struggles. In contrast, Louisa faces similar struggles in the fight for the survival of her inquisitive mind; but she ultimately wins her battle against her ‘fact-loving’ father and in doing so, establishes herself as an individual. Hard Times and Wuthering Heights Essay -- Comparative, Dickens, Brontà « The nineteenth century saw rapid development and reform across the whole of the country; with the Industrial Revolution transforming life in Britain. For working class women life was an endless struggle of passivity and labour; as soon as they were old enough they worked on farms, in factories or as servants to the middle classes (Lambert, 2009). For women in general, life was oppressive; constantly overshadowed by the male gender who were considered dominant leaders. In a Victorian household, the male was head of the family; his wife and children respected him and obeyed him without question. This critical analysis of two nineteenth century novels - Hard Times by Charles Dickens and Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, will discuss the representation of the two female protagonists in the context of the Victorian period and question whether they do indeed portray an endless struggle for survival and independence. When considering representation, the ways in which the authors choose to portray their characters can have a great impact on their accessibility. A firm character basis is the foundation for any believable novel. It is arguable that for an allegorical novel - in which Hard Times takes its structure, Dickens uses an unusually complex character basis. The characters in Hard Times combine both the simplistic characteristics of a character developed for allegorical purposes, as well as the concise qualities of ‘real’ people (McLucas, 1995). These characters are portrayed to think and feel like we as readers do and react to their situations in the same way that most of us would. Such attributes are what give the characters life and allow us to relate to their decisions. In Hard Times Charles Dickens portrays Louisa Gradgrind... ...rd Times and Brontà « in Wuthering Heights represent their protagonists as struggling to overcome oppression in order to survive as independent females. The struggles faced by the females provide similarities as well as contrasts to their literary counterparts. On one hand you have Louisa, corrupted by her father and never allowed to imagine or be free; and on the other hand you have Catherine, corrupted by her own aspirations and social constraints. Although Catherine does - for a short period of time, achieve some independence, she is destined to retain her traditional role of passive and dependent female; thus inevitably losing in her struggles. In contrast, Louisa faces similar struggles in the fight for the survival of her inquisitive mind; but she ultimately wins her battle against her ‘fact-loving’ father and in doing so, establishes herself as an individual.

Media Law Privacy: A study on its impact on journalists in HK

Great Britain was a powerful empire back in the days. It boasted of large areas of lands she colonized and conquered – with territories ranging from the Americas to the Far East and the pacific. For so many years England has conquered these territories and left a considerable influence on their cultures, such as newspapers and the media. Two of the best examples of these territories would be Hong Kong in the Far East and Australia in the pacific.IntroductionThese two countries were once the colony of the most powerful country back then the British Empire. But now as the time would have it, the two were given their independence by Britain, Australia in 1939 and Hong Kong’s turnover to the Chinese Government in 1997. Now you may ask, what is the significance of the past activities of these two countries in relation to their media laws? Let’s look on how www.asiawind.com describes the difference. First, both have considerable influences from Britain in the freedom o f expression, the media for example, and the other laws that go by it. Second, the turnover to two different cultures sets the difference for their journalism and media laws. The second reason will be discussed in detail in the next few paragraphs.When Britain handed over Hong Kong to china in 1997, the pre-colonial journalism style was different. Journalists were given full access to whatever news they can go into, in short full independence on the freedom of speech. The post colonial journalists now have a dilemma in their hands. With the pre colonial freedom that they’ve enjoyed now partly gone, its almost impossible for them to write something which may be of raging influence or may be detrimental to many authorities or the mainland politicians will call as propaganda against them.   It would then be taken to assumption that there had been evidences with regard to invasion of their privacy or political plans (Workshop).Media Law in Hong KongIn a survey taken from the si te of Media Law as adhered to by the government, such is evident that disclosing private issues if will not be detrimental to ones health or safety or for a person’s well-being, its better to let the persons concerned or organizations know.   Given such standpoint, in this case I think the Chinese Central Party will disagree with me. Considering the fact that any leak into the private affairs of the big bosses’ there and may be in fact, be detrimental to their   health if the media will get their hands on it (â€Å"Inmedia†).Most of the news that go against the tide of the mainland politicians will either be ignored or a big possibility will not be published at all by China News Agency, the news agency that is controlled by the Chinese Mainland communist party. The above mentioned is indeed a big difference on the media styles, laws and certain freedoms that are practiced back in the days of the British Empire controlling Hong Kong.   Certain news whether be beneficial to the communist party could either be not published for the sake of secrecy laws that are imposed by the communist party. Hence, Secrecy laws which are based from the interests of the ruling party in Mainland China.Hong Kong media as seen from the eyes of its neighboring countries and the world reflect somewhat a negative view. Media in Hong Kong is the under the repressive arms of the Chinese mainland. The journalists in Hong Kong have to bear with the overly protective policies of the mainland. But the repression that the journalists go through in Hong Kong puts them in a somewhat feisty approach towards expressing their views and puts them in a delicate political situation. In terms of expression, the privacy laws and policies that the mainland imposes indirectly on to the journalist’s possess a different view and approach to a media that others may think is in dire need of air from an already tight squeeze from the mainland’s hands.However, media in Hong Kong still give some respect to the big bosses in the mainland. Prior to the turnover in 1997, the central party was used to the distinctively quiet atmosphere of the media there. Now as the feisty and active reporters of Hong Kong are becoming often aggressive in bringing out the truth, in reference to Taiwan, they do still maintain a high level of respect for the state’s privacy laws in expressing views over the issue.Media Laws in AustraliaThe media laws of Australia on the other hand, propose and show a different approach to how the state allows its journalist to practice their crafts. State laws passed by the House of Commons states that it allows journalists to practice under such media regulations, freedom of speech and other policies that follow governing laws. In terms of privacy, the state does allow journalists certain protocols in regard to privacy ((OLDP)).Take for example, state provisions that allow foreign nationals to take certain control of certain perc entages of media institutions.   It does in a way grant private or corporate individuals to express the freedom of speech. The freedom must be exercised according to state laws and specifically, privacy related. The state itself does value the freedom to exercise that right but it has to coincide with certain ethics just to make sure that no privacy issue will be exposed that may be detrimental to one’s or an organizations well being.True that such freedom exercised in Australia has pointed out and brought great deal of scandals and corruptions hiding within the bureaucracy. If we look at the past, the Australian press has served their country well. Corruptions and misbehaviors from both the private sector and the government have been brought up by investigative journalists in response to needs of the people to know what is going on and their mission to bring out press freedom to a higher level of information dissemination.  Ã‚   As a matter of fact, this sort of freedom allows investigative reporters to practice press freedom to a much higher extent. But certain details have to be polished first before any publication gets out exposing such private issues which investigative journalists may deem necessary to let the public know.Complications in PressCertain hindrances may affect Australian press’ freedom. Take for example, the Trade Practices Act, which in a much broader sense is likely to be violated with the inclusion of press and cross- media ownership puts the credibility of Australian press on the line. With a lot of publications competing for sales in the Australian market. With various highly unlikely that the freedom may be jeopardize as more publications may go a bit extreme to bring out privacy related issues in the news for the sake of creating a stable share in the market (Smartt).Moreover, the degrading factor that some laws come in a variation of issues that rise in the field of obscenity, regional censorship and the other medi a restraints imposed by the laws crafted by the legislating individuals.   Aside from that it had been noted that consequently, one of the most striking deprivation of Press Freedom are the extent of regulations falling on the surface of morality.   This then stresses the standpoint that there had been certain instances wherein the Media advocates believe that the skill they have acquired for the pursuance of such projects in disseminating information to the contemporary society is stringed on the desires of those who are in office (Tugendhat and Christie).ConclusionIn conclusion, I believe with all these facts brought up the privacy issues of the press between Hong Kong and Australia. In my view Australian journalists enjoy a more subtle freedom in expressing their views in relation to private issues as compared to Hong Kong’s journalist who experiences a tight grip when it comes to details in press freedom. Culture differences, I also believe play a vital role in defini ng media privacy issues between these two countries’ journalists.   The arena of media may be not of that which entails absolute freedom as well as with the point of divulging on the creativity of the aforementioned individuals.   Thus, issues on privacy which were sought to be degrading in a form of nuisance and surveillance, is a point of fact that democracy is not well established in the society of today.References:(OLDP), Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing. â€Å"Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005.† ComLaw – Federal Register of Legislative Instruments, 2005.â€Å"Inmedia.† IDEA 2007, 2007.Smartt, Ursula. Media Law for Journalists. Sage Publications Ltd 2006.Tugendhat, Michael, and Iain Christie. The Law of Privacy and the Media: First Cumulative Updating Supplement. Oxford University Press, USA, 2004.Workshop, New Media. â€Å"Hong Kong–Inmedia.† University of Hong Kong ‘s Journalism and Media Stu dies Centre, 2007.

Six Words from Shakespeare for 2014

Six Words from Shakespeare for 2014 Six Words from Shakespeare for 2014 Six Words from Shakespeare for 2014 By Maeve Maddox In honor of the Bard’s birthday, here are six words Shakespeare used that we still find useful to describe life in the 21st century. 1. addiction: the state or condition of being dedicated or devoted to a thing, especially an activity or occupation; adherence or attachment, especially of an immoderate or compulsive kind; immoderate or compulsive consumption of a drug or other substance. Henry V, I.i, 92-97 The Archbishop of Canterbury is talking about the change in the former prince since his accession as king. Since his addiction was to courses vain, His companies unletterd, rude and shallow, His hours filld up with riots, banquets, sports, And never noted in him any study, Any retirement, any sequestration From open haunts and popularity. (i.e., His addiction was to frivolous, debauched behavior and companions.) 2. assassination: the action of assassinating; the taking of the life of anyone by treacherous violence. Macbeth I,vii,1-4 Macbeth is trying to make up his mind to murder King Duncan. If it were done when tis done, then twere well It were done quickly: if the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease success; 3. drugged: to drug: to mix or adulterate (food or drink) with a drug, especially a narcotic or poisonous drug. Macbeth, II, ii, 7-10 Lady Macbeth is assuring her husband that killing Duncan will be easy because she has put a sleeping potion in the nighttime drinks of his guards. I have druggd their possets, That death and nature do contend about them, Whether they live or die. 4. equivocal: of words, phrases, etc.: having different significations equally appropriate or plausible; capable of double interpretation; ambiguous. All’s Well That Ends Well V, iii, 279-281 Parolles is being deliberately deceptive. Parolles: He loved her, sir, and loved her not. King: As thou art a knave, and no knave. What an equivocal companion is this! 5. marketable: Fit to be sold or marketed; that finds a ready market; that is in demand; saleable. As You Like It, I, ii, 84-89 Two marriage-eligible women are being sarcastic about an annoying courtier. Celia: Here comes Monsieur Le Beau. Rosalind: With his mouth full of news. Celia: Which he will put on us, as pigeons feed their young. Rosalind: Then shall we be news-crammed. Celia: All the better; we shall be the more marketable. 6. torture: To inflict torture upon, subject to torture; to subject to judicial torture; put to the torture (from the noun torture: The infliction of severe bodily pain, as punishment or a means of persuasion). King Henry VI, Part II, II, i , 154-158 The Duke of Gloucester is speaking to Simpcox, a man who claims to have received his sight that day after having been blind from birth, and who further claims to be unable to walk. Gloucester proves the man is a fraud by threatening him with a whipping by the local law-enforcement officer. Gloucester: Now, sirrah, if you mean to save yourself from whipping, leap me over this stool and run away Simpcox: Alas, master, I am not able to stand alone You go about to torture me in vain. . Note: One blow of the whip is enough to encourage Simpcox to jump over the stool and run away. William Shakespeare 23 April 1564–23 April 1616 Happy Birthday, Will! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Charles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Balance

Balance Balance BalanceHow do we look at space?Objects- Have a certain size. Brightness value, location.Seeing involves all the above.We do not we see a total, visual field. Objects are alive, want to move and return to certain places or remain static. Objects in a space have different forces acting abound them, attraction or repulsion.This means that a visual experience is dynamic.The eye tends to complete objects and perceive them as it wants. Ex: an incomplete circle is seen as a whole circle with a missing part.We as humans are constantly seeking to find the proper distance between objects, a distance which to us feels beautiful and balanced.Forces in an area are not only affected by the boundaries but also by the diagonals.Perpetual forces:Are they real?They are assumed to be real both psychologically and physically.Psychologically- the pull on the disk is experienced by the person looking at it.These pulls have a point of attack, a direction and intensity.For this reason, psychologists speak o f psychological forces.Physically- molecular forces. Retina stimulationTwo disks in one squareForces are still acting from the disks and square.When the two disks lie close, they attract each other and look like an indivisible thing.At a certain distance, they repel each other.These distances change in relation to the square size and dot size.In physical, balance is achieved when the forces acting upon eachother are equal. Equal strength pulling in the opposite direction.When it comes to visiual balance, every object has a centre of gravity. The eye's intuition is the best way to determine balance.There is a difference between physical and visual balaqnce. Ex: a sculpture may be visiually balanced but not physically balanced and may...

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross Essay

Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army - Essay Example The recent decades have seen a variety of non-profit organizations arise to participate in the provision of charitable work to the general community. The same field has become an area of concern by researchers and academicians in search for how well these organizations can be productive to the world. The non-profit organizational operations are mostly based on voluntary and are therefore considered as relief provision organizations. Though their operational structures may be similar, major differences are often evident in terms of the organizational structures, leadership styles, and the extent of offering corporate social responsibility among others. The mode of raising funds for such organizations is also mainly done via reliance on external sources, for instance, donor funds, community contributions. The management of the non-profit organizations is also mostly in accordance to the institutional and management theories. The willingness of my company to give away the $200,000 to th e two organizations is dependent on the effectiveness of handling their social responsibility to the community. Thus, research will be useful in the making disbursement decisions. However, though many studies have been conducted in regards to the activities of non-profit organizations, no study has directly related a case study for the two organizations as well as a critical comparison between them. The discussion in this case study report aims at investigating the emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 1.0 Introduction 5 2.0 A concise and objective organizational overview 6 2.1 Australian Red Cross 6 2.2 The Australian Salvation Army 9 3.0 Comparative study of the organizations 11 3.1 Comparison 12 3.2 Contrast 13 4.0 Recommendations for distribution of $200,000 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 List of References 16 Emergency help and human services in relation to Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army 1.0 Introduction Emergency assistance and human help entails utilization of non-profit oriented organizations in the meeting of societal urgent needs. The Australian realms have been adequately dominated by a vast array of non-profit organizations, which are inclusive of Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army. The main purpose of the operation of these organizations includes the performance of charitable activities in the immediate community as a routine. The creation of a compassionate as well as a dignified society is also the divine role of thes e organizations, in a bid to act as complements to the exertion of the public sectors. The effectiveness of these human organizations is dependent upon the level of their corporate social responsibility, as well as their operational scope. The donor organizations that fund such voluntary organizations value corporate social responsibility, thus, my organization desires to disburse the available funds in relation to how each of the two companies handle the immediate society. The structure of an organization also determines the usefulness of efficiency and effectiveness measures in handling the required responsibilities. However, though both of the aforementioned organizations are

Gender, Crime and Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gender, Crime and Criminal Justice - Essay Example However this is not necessary, as research shows certain cases where women are convicted to such acts just in order to gain internal satisfaction, which indicates psychological disorders. Prostitution, which is considered to be a common societal dilemma today, was not, always, a criminal offence in England. In eighteenth century; the prostitution offences were specifically soliciting, living off immoral earnings, and running 'houses of ill fame', but these were enforced selectively. Manifestly neither the proprietors, nor the women who catered for gentlemen in these establishments, were perceived as members of a criminal class or professional criminals; and at this end the profits were handsome. The less salubrious 'houses of ill fame' were more vulnerable, though even in some of the poorest districts the police did not interfere with them. (Chesney, 1970) Women could be violent. Some beat, or otherwise ill-treated, servants and apprentices; on occasions such violence went too far and landed them in court. (Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England, 1989) Women fought each other; less commonly they fought with men and, like Jane Smith, a few fought with the police. Like their men folk Irish women had a particular reputation in this respect. (The Unwritten Law: Criminal Justice in Victorian Kent, 1991) Today a chivalry perspective holds the view that male officers are reluctant to arrest females, thus reducing the number of female offenders counted. Also it is observed that most women offenders are never caught because of the types of crimes they commit. (Otto, 1950) Finally, some observers claim 'paternalism' toward female offenders in the juvenile and criminal justice systems that effectively operates as a filtering-out mechanism. Official accounts, which are largely based upon arrest and court data, are the basis for the compilation of most crime and delinquency statistics. Court data introduce the potential problems of diversion, paternalism, or chivalry, which may distort the number of female offenders. The number of female arrests presents the 'danger of using the terms arrest and crimes committed interchangeably, and arrest statistics may not be the most reliable source of data for determining actual crime rates.' (Rita James Simon, 1975, p. 36) Three different aspects can examine the dilemma of female crime; first, all the specific offenses which are historically associated with female offenders. (Carol Smart, 1976, p. 6-8). The second area of focus includes those offenses for which women and girls are more frequently arrested as indicated in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports (1978). Third, a number of offenses that are generally considered unusual from female characteristics. Violent Crimes Most crimes of violence by females take place in the family setting where the victims are usually the

5 senses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 senses - Essay Example When you wash your hair using touch, you can feel the shampoo on your hands. You can feel the warm water running down through your hair. You can feel the running of your fingers through your hair as you massage the lathered up shampoo in your hair. When you use the sense of smell while washing your hair, you can smell the aroma of the shampoo. Whether it be fruity or a subtle lavender smell, your nose will pick up on the scent and send signals to the brain telling you what that smell is. It is a nice clean smell and every product that you use on your hair whether it be shampoo, conditioner, detangler or some other kind, will have some sort of scent. When using the sense of hearing, we can hear a lot of different sounds. When washing the hair, you can hear the shampoo as it squirts into your hand as you squeeze the bottle. You can hear the water trickle down through your hair as it hits the floor of the shower or bath tub. As for the sense of sight, you can see the shampoo or conditioner when you are washing your hair. You see the steam rising up in the shower or bath tub. You can see everything around you and only when you get that shampoo in your eye and you try to rub it out, is your sense of sight kind of blurry. There are several ways that the senses can be used when washing your hair. When we take in what exactly we are feeling and being mindful of using our senses, only then do we get the full experience. Sometimes life is just too busy to recognize what it is our senses are doing but we do know that they are at work or otherwise we would not even know we were having our hair

Revolutionary Mothers Essay Example for Free

Revolutionary Mothers Essay Women of varying races and classes experienced the American Revolution in different ways. Loyalist women over-estimated the power of their class position, Native American women would see their power within their societies diminish, and African American slave women saw their hope for power through freedom subsumed by racial inequality. Regardless of the relative positions of power for each of these classes of women, their experiences as victims of war were similar. The chaos of war and a changing political system left few women, if any, truly better off it its wake. Enslaved African American women, those with the least amount of social or political power before the American Revolution, were taunted with promises of freedom from British office holders and eventually British generals. However, these promises only came to fruition for a fraction of the tens of thousands of slaves who left their masters in search of freedom. Dunmore’s Proclamation of 1775 enticed slaves to fight for the British Army in exchange for freedom. Dunmore’s â€Å"Ethiopian Regiment† met with disaster through disease and capture. Half of the regiment and its female followers died of smallpox (124). When the regiment was captured by Americans, thirty people were sold back into slavery in the Caribbean as an example of what would happen to slaves who sided with the British (124). Four thousand slaves, men, women, and children, fled with General Cornwallis. When he was forced to surrender Charleston to the Americans, many of the slaves who were with him were sent to NY and eventually to freedom in Canada (125). Not all those who encountered the British Army were freed. When General Henry Clinton ordered that Patriot personal property be confiscated, that included slaves. Clinton treated these slaves as property of the British Army and forced women to do the soldier’s laundry and help build fortifications (127). African American women who did manage to escape to Canada, were victims of racial hierarchy. The best lands available went to white refugees rather than black refugees. Those who made it to Canada were subject to  violence from whites when they stepped outside of their accustomed economic and social roles (129). There are regional differences for African American women who did not did not flee during British promises of freedom. Gradual abolition in the North meant opportunities for freedom. However, these opportunities were limited by racial hierarchy. In the South, farmers and plantation owners relied on slave labor to rebuild the agrarian economy in the wake of the Revolutionary War (133). As slavery became further entrenched in the Southern economy and culture, freedom became nearly impossible. Of the tens of thousands of slaves who fled, the British formally granted only 1300 men, 914 women, and 740 children freedom (129). Many white loyalist women also escaped to Canada. However, many elite loyalist women overestimated the power granted to them by their class standing. Loyalist women left behind when their husbands went to fight for the British were powerless to prevent patriots from taking their property and removing them from their homes. Elite women’s marriages, property, children, and mere presence were politicized (98). Women who chose to flee or who fled to escape the violence of the patriots were unwanted burdens on their enemies and allies alike (100). Not all loyalist women were hapless victims. Those who chose to act as individual political agents by aiding British soldiers and passing intelligence forced an alteration to the American’s language surrounding traitors. Treason laws which previously read, â€Å"he,† were changed to include both men and women (103). Women who fled invariably faced hardships in the harsh travelling conditions. Wealthier women fared better than those of modest means. Wealthy women were more likely to survive the journey to Canada and find adequate shelter once they arrived. Women of less means lived in tents during harsh winters and faced starvation. By the end of the war, the elite social classes were rebuilding their societal structure in Canada (106). Though many were still bitter about losing their farms and possessions, they made a gentrified society out of the relative wilderness of Canada (106). Native American women lost the most in terms of position and power during the American Revolution. Women were an integral part of the political decision making process in Native American nations. Women leaders of the  Mohawk, Cherokee, and Munsee Delaware sought to coexist with white settlers, none were successful. Molly Brant, mistress to British Indian Agent William Johnson held considerable sway with both Mohawk and British. She relied upon for her diplomatic skills and remained loyal to her husband’s British background even after his death in 1774 (111). Nancy War attempted to keep the peace between Cherokee and white settlers from her position on the Cherokee General Council and as leader of the Women’s Council (115). When negotiating a treaty with white settlers, Queen Esther Montour of the Munsee Delaware suggested the white man with who she was negotiating take the proposed treaty back for him women to read. He was incredulous at the idea that his women would have anything to say in political matters (116). None of these women had â€Å"counterparts in American colonial society† (118). White men who wanted to trade or negotiate with Native Americans were forced to deal with women in positions of power. Molly Brant took political action when she warned her brother of American soldiers intent on providing support at Fort Stanwix. Her efforts made her an enemy to the Americans and an enemy of the Oneida, a tribe once united in Confederacy with her own Mohawk. Molly’s home war raided and she was forced to flee. At the end of the war, like so many other women, she was exiled to the relative safety of Canada. British men came to respect women like Molly Brant. However, it was much more common for European men to view the gender structure of Native American society as abhorrence against God’s natural law. Once America had secured its independence, Native American women’s positions of power within their cultures was subsumed by assimilation efforts of the new American nation. Native Americans refashioned their societies in the face of threats and pressures from Americans who pushed European norms onto Native Americans. The spiritual and political roles for women were lost in these efforts (119). Although these groups of women started out in very different circumstances before the war, and ended with different social circumstances, they shared a common thread of the necessity to flee. They even often shared a common location of safety and freedom: Canada. None of these women had a place of freedom or power within the new American Republic. Many more slaves remained as such than gained freedom during the American Revolution. Elite women  eventually regained status lost during the Revolution, but in a new, harsher land. Native American women’s social and political positions were devastated by the results of the American Revolution. Just as their nations slowly lost their sovereignty and autonomy, so did Native American women lose their power and freedom within their communities.

Structural Sociologists vs Interpretive Sociologists Essay examples --

Is it true that structural sociologists use only quantitative methods while interpretive sociologists use only qualitative methods? The methods that sociologists use to conduct their research vary and can depend on practical considerations such as suitability of the method, and theoretical considerations such as the sociologist’s theoretical position. Interpretive sociologists focus on the meanings and definitions which guide and direct behaviour, they claim that understanding human behaviour involves seeing the world through the eyes of those being studied. Structural sociologists can be called positivists. Positivist sociology models itself on the natural sciences such as physics, it is concerned with behaviour that can be directly observed and quantified e.g. the number of visits to the doctors in one year. It attempts to explain human behaviour by discovering cause and effect relationships e.g. Durkheim claimed he had found a causal relationship between social isolation and suicide. Interpretivists use a range of research methods. They often use unstructu...

A Comparison of Hubris in Catcher in the Rye, Scarlet Letter, and Great Gatsby :: compare and contrast essay examples

Hubris in the Protagonists of Catcher in the Rye, Scarlet Letter, and Great Gatsby       Aristotle praised Sophocles' King Oedipus as the definitive Greek tragedy; however, he could not have surmised the influence of Oedipus' tragic pride on modern day literature and philosophy. Hubris, the only true crime, has had a threefold influence: it is a reason for downfall as well as a characteristic of criminal motivation; it is manifested in the diverse protagonists of Salinger, Fitzgerald, and Hawthorne; and it is forgiven only by repentance for wrongdoing and the complete surrender of pride.    The erroneous idea that pride is only a predominant characteristic of crime, rather than a crime itself, would put tragic hero Oedipus on the same level as serial killer Charles Manson: while both are guilty of committing heinous acts, Oedipus relinquishes his pride and, ironically suffering under his own proclamation of exile, does penance for his crimes, whereas Manson shows no remorse for his vile and disturbing bloodletting. Oedipus' ultimate repentance is proof that he realizes his hubris and understands his mistakes, as irreparable as they may be.    All human filthiness in one crime compounded! Unspeakable acts-I speak no more of them. Hide me at once, for God's love, hide me away... Touch me, and have no fear. On no man else But on me alone is the scourge of my punishment. (64)    Had Oedipus sought to blame another for his crimes, or denied his own responsibility for his actions, he would have been no nobler than a common criminal; Oedipus is redeemed by his strength of character.    The hamartia of hubris lives on 2500 years after Aristotle lauded King Oedipus as the quintessential Greek tragedy; pride has evolved into an integral characteristic of the majority of literary characters from J.D. Salinger's angry, disillusioned Holden Caulfield to F. Scott Fitzgerald's idealistic Jay Gatsby to Nathaniel Hawthorne's tortured Reverend Dimmesdale.    Holden's pride in his sarcastic perception of the world around him perpetuates his cynicism and frustration with life, making him unrealistic and incapable of finding happiness. He believes himself omniscient, and that other "people never notice anything" (Salinger 9). Oedipus' belief in his own infallibility makes him equally unrealistic; soon after Oedipus' sins are revealed, the chorus of Elders conveys a Holden-esque message of discontent:    All generations of mortal man add up to nothing! Show me the man whose happiness was anything more than illusion